【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforInstallationofDirectPushGroundWaterMonitoringWells
【原文标准名称】:直接推动式地下水监测井安装的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6724-2004(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.21
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:directpush;groundwater;monitoringwell;siteinvestigatio;Directpushsampling;Drivenwellpoint;Environmentalsiteassessment(ESA);Ground-watermonitoring/sampling;Installation--groundwater/subsurfacedevices/applications;Jelledwellpoint;Pr
【摘要】:Thedirectpushgroundmethodisarapidandeconomicalprocedureforinstallinggroundwatermonitoringwellstoobtainrepresentativegroundwatersamplesandlocation-specifichydrogeologicmeasurements.Directpushinstallationsmayofferanadvantageoverconventionalrotarydrilledmonitoringwells(PracticeD5092)forgroundwaterinvestigationsinunconsolidatedformationsbecausetheyreducedisturbancetotheformation,andeliminateorminimizedrillcuttings.Atfacilitieswherecontaminatedsoilsarepresent,thiscanreducehazardexposureforoperators,localpersonnel,andtheenvironment,andcanreduceinvestigativederivedwastes.Additionally,smallerequipmentcanbeusedforinstallation,providingbetteraccesstoconstrictedlocations.Directpushmonitoringwellsgenerallydonotextendtodepthsattainablebydrilling.Theyarealsotypicallysmallerindiameterthandrilledwells,therebyreducingpurgewatervolumes,samplingtime,andinvestigativederivedwastes.PracticeD5092monitoringwellsareusedwhenlargerdiametersand/orsamplevolumesarerequired,oratdepthstowhichitisdifficulttoinstalldirectpushwells.Directpushmonitoringwellsshouldbeviableformonitoringformanyyears.Priortoconstructionandinstallationofadirectpushwelloranyothertypeofgroundwaterwellthereadershouldconsultappropriatelocalandstateagenciesregardingregulatoryrequirementsforwellconstructioninthestate.Aregulatoryvariancemayberequiredforinstallationofdirectpushmonitoringwellsinsomestates.Todate,publishedcomparisonstudiesbetweendrilledmonitoringwellsanddirectpushmonitoringwellshaveshowncomparability(1,2,3,4,5).However,selectionofdirectpushmonitoringwellsoverconventionalrotarydrilledwellsshouldbebasedonseveralcriteria,suchassiteaccessibilityandpenetrability,stratigraphicstructure,depthtogroundwater,andaquifertransmissivity.Typicalpenetrationdepthsforinstallationofgroundwatermonitoringwellswithdirectpushequipmentdependonmanyvariables.Someofthevariablesarethesizeandtypeofthedrivingsystem,diameterofthedriverodsandmonitoringwell,andtheresistanceoftheearthmaterialsbeingpenetrated.Somedirectpushsystemsarecapableofinstallinggroundwatermonitoringwellstodepthsinexcessof100feet,andlargerdirectpushequipment,suchasthevibratorysonictypedrill(GuideD6286)arecapableofreachingmuchgreaterdepths,sometimesinexcessof400ft.However,installationdepthsof10to50feetaremostcommon.Directpushmethodscannotbeusedtoinstallmonitoringwellsinconsolidatedbedrock(forexample,granite,limestone,gneiss),butareintendedforinstallationinunconsolidatedmaterialssuchasclays,silts,sands,andsomegravels.Additionally,depositscontainingsignificantcobblesandboulders(forexample,someglacialdeposits),orstronglycementedmaterials(forexample,caliche)arelikelytohinderorpreventpenetrationtothedesiredmonitoringdepth.Fordirectpushmethodstoprovideaccurategroundwatermonitoringresults,precautionsmustbetakentoensurethatcross-contaminationbyx201C;smearingx201D;orx201C;drag-downx201D;(thatis,drivingshallowcontaminationtodeeperlevels)doesnotoccur,andthathydraulicconnectionsbetweenotherwiseisolatedwaterbearingstrataarenotcreated.Similarprecautionsasthoseappliedduringconventional..........
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_10
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:NationalFuelGasCode
【原文标准名称】:国家燃料气体规范
【标准号】:ANSI/NFPA54-2006
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:管系统;维修;事故预防;生产;气体燃料;气体燃料;危险防护;安全要求;调查;定义;材料规范;试验;燃气设备;燃气管路
【英文主题词】:Accidentprevention;Definition;Definitions;Fuelgases;Gascircuits;Gasinstallations;Gaseousfuels;Maintenance;Materialsspecification;Pipingsystem;Production;Protectionagainstdanger;Safetyrequirements;Surveys;Testing
【摘要】:Appliestotheinstallationoffuelgaspipingsystems,fuelgasutilizationequipment,andrelatedaccessories.
【中国标准分类号】:E46
【国际标准分类号】:75_160_30
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语